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of criminals

  • 1 stigma

        stigma atis, n, στίγμα, a mark burned in, brand: stigmate dignus, Iu.
    * * *
    I
    mark hot tattooed on runaway slaves/criminals; reproduction of Christ's wounds
    II
    mark hot tattooed on runaway slaves/criminals; reproduction of Christ's wounds

    Latin-English dictionary > stigma

  • 2 catasta

        catasta ae, f, κατάστασισ, a scaffold, on which slaves were exposed for sale, Tb.
    * * *
    platform where slaves were exhibited for sale; (late) stage, scaffold; scaffold for burning martyrs/heretics/criminals; stage for delivering lectures

    Latin-English dictionary > catasta

  • 3 cicūta

        cicūta ae, f    hemlock (given to criminals as poison), H.—Plur., H.—Used as medicine, H.— A flute of hemlock stalks, shepherd's pipe, V.
    * * *
    hemlock (Conium maculatum); hemlock juice (poison); shepherd's pipe (hemlock)

    Latin-English dictionary > cicūta

  • 4 cōnfessus

        cōnfessus adj.    [P. of confiteor], confessed: reus, who pleads guilty, O.: gladiatores.— Plur m. as subst, criminals who have confessed: de confessis supplicium sumere, S. — Confessed, acknowledged, certain: quam confessam rem redimere conetur: dea, manifest, V.: voltibus ira, O.: confessam amplectitur, in her true form, O. — As subst n.: in confesso esse, acknowledged, Ta.
    * * *
    I
    confessa, confessum ADJ
    admitted, acknowledged; generally admitted, manifest, obvious; confessed
    II
    one who admits/confesses liability/crime

    Latin-English dictionary > cōnfessus

  • 5 (crātis

        (crātis is), f    [CART-], wicker-work, a hurdle: terga suis rarā pendentia crate, kitchen-rack, Iu.: cratīs texunt virgis, V.: Claudens textis cratibus pecus, H.— A harrow: vimineae, V.— A hurdle (for drowning criminals): crate superne iniectā, L.—In war, fascines, Cs.— The ribs of a shield: umbonum, V.—A joint, rib (poet.): pectoris, V.: laterum, O.: spinae, the joints of the backbone, O.: favorum, honey-comb, V.

    Latin-English dictionary > (crātis

  • 6 crūs

        crūs ūris, n    [1 CEL-], the leg, shank, shin: crura suffringere: dimidium, broken, Iu.: medium impediit crus Pellibus, H.: (equus) iactat crura, V.—The legs of crucified criminals were broken; hence, prov.: perire eum non posse, nisi ei crura fracta essent, he that is born to be hanged, etc.— A foot: Laeva crura Lilybaeo premuntur (poet. plur.), O.— Plur, props, pillars: ponticuli, Ct.
    * * *
    leg; shank; shin; main stem of shrub, stock; upright support of a bridge

    Latin-English dictionary > crūs

  • 7 crux

        crux ucis, f    [CVR-], a gallows, frame, tree (on which criminals were impaled or hanged), C.— A cross: (mereri) crucem, T.: cruci suffixi: in crucem acti, S.: Non pasces in cruce corvos, H.: pretium sceleris, Iu.—Torture, trouble, misery, destruction: quaerere in malo crucem, T.—Colloq.: i in malam crucem! go and be hanged, T.
    * * *
    cross; hanging tree; impaling stake; crucifixion; torture/torment/trouble/misery

    Latin-English dictionary > crux

  • 8 epigramma

        epigramma atis, n    (dat. plur. -atis, C.), ἐπίγραμμα, an inscription: incisum in basi: tripodem ponere epigrammate inscripto, N.—An epigram: in eum facere.
    * * *
    I
    inscription, epigram
    II
    epigrammatos/is N N
    inscription; epitaph; mark tattooed on criminals; short poem, epigram

    Latin-English dictionary > epigramma

  • 9 facinus

        facinus oris, n    [2 FAC-], a deed, act, action, achievement: magnum, T.: pulcherrimum, T.: nefarium, Cs.: forte, O.: mirabilia facinora: ingen<*> egregia facinora, S.— A bad deed, misdeed, outrage, villainy, crime: audax, T.: facinus est vincire civem: facinoris tanti conscii, S.: ad vim, facinus caedemque delecti: nihil facinoris praetermittere, L.: ne facinus facias: committere: in se admittere, Cs.: facinoribus copertus, S.: incendia aliaque facinora belli, S.: lenius, H.: libidinis, Iu.: maioris abollae, i. e. of a teacher, Iu.: facinus excussit ab ore, i. e. the poisoned cup, O.— Plur, criminals, abandoned men: omnium facinorum circum se stipatorum catervae, S.
    * * *
    deed; crime; outrage

    Latin-English dictionary > facinus

  • 10 līctor

        līctor ōris, m    [2 LIG-], a lictor, official attendant upon a magistrate: se augustiorem lictoribus duodecim sumptis fecit, L.—Twenty-four lictors, with the fasces, walked in single file before a dictator, twelve before a consul, six before a praetor: consularis, H.; they scourged or beheaded condemned criminals, C., L.
    * * *
    lictor, an attendant upon a magistrate

    Latin-English dictionary > līctor

  • 11 supplicium (subpl-)

        supplicium (subpl-) ī, n    [supplex], a kneeling, bowing down, humble entreaty, petition, supplication: Vaccenses fatigati regis subpliciis, S.: legatos ad consulem cum suppliciis mittit, S.— An humiliation, public prayer, supplication, act of worship: suppliciis fatigare deos, L.: in suppliciis deorum magnifici, i. e. votive offerings, S.: suppliciis deos placare, L.—(Because criminals were beheaded kneeling), the punishment of death, death-penalty, execution, slaughter: se et liberos hostibus ad supplicium dedere, Cs.: ad supplicium rapi: ad ultimum supplicium progredi<*> to take their own lives, Cs.— Punishment, penalty, torture, torment, pain, distress, suffering: illi de me supplicium dabo, T.: omni supplicio excruciatus: gravissimum ei rei supplicium cum cruciatu constitutum est, Cs.: triste, V.: iis (improbis) ante oculos iudicia et supplicia versentur: suppliciis delicta coërcere, H.

    Latin-English dictionary > supplicium (subpl-)

  • 12 Tarpēius

        Tarpēius adj.,    of Tarpeia, Tarpeian: mons, the Tarpeian Rock near the Capitol, from which criminals were thrown, L.: arx, the citadel on the Capitoline Hill, V., O.: nemus, Pr.: fulmina, i. e. of Jupiter Capitolinus, Iu.

    Latin-English dictionary > Tarpēius

  • 13 uncus

        uncus ī, m    [1 AC-], a hook, barb: ferreus, L.: severus (an attribute of Necessitas), H.: uncus inpactus est fugitivo illi, i. e. the hook of the executioner (in the neck of a criminal condemned to death): Seianus ducitur unco Spectandus, Iu.: bene cum decusseris uncum, i. e. hast escaped a great peril, Pr.
    * * *
    I
    unca, uncum ADJ
    hooked, curved, bent in, crooked, round; barbed
    II
    hook, barb, clamp; hook in neck used to drag condemned/executed criminals

    Latin-English dictionary > uncus

  • 14 uncus

        uncus adj.    [1 AC-], hooked, bent in, crooked, curved, barbed: hamus, O.: tellus cum dente recluditur unco, i. e. the ploughshare, V.: pedes (harpyiae), V.: cauda, O.
    * * *
    I
    unca, uncum ADJ
    hooked, curved, bent in, crooked, round; barbed
    II
    hook, barb, clamp; hook in neck used to drag condemned/executed criminals

    Latin-English dictionary > uncus

  • 15 boia

    collar/yoke word by criminals (usu. pl. L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > boia

  • 16 Amorgos

    Ămorgus or - ŏs, i, f., = Amorgos, one of the Sporades in the Ægean Sea, the birthplace of the poet Simonides; under the Roman emperors, a place for the banishment of criminals; now Amorgo, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70; Tac. A. 4, 30; v. Mann. Gr. 734 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Amorgos

  • 17 Amorgus

    Ămorgus or - ŏs, i, f., = Amorgos, one of the Sporades in the Ægean Sea, the birthplace of the poet Simonides; under the Roman emperors, a place for the banishment of criminals; now Amorgo, Plin. 4, 12, 23, § 70; Tac. A. 4, 30; v. Mann. Gr. 734 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Amorgus

  • 18 ara

    āra, ae, f. (Osc. form aasa; Umbr. asa: PELLEX. ASAM. IVNONIS. NE. TAGITO., Lex Numae ap. Gell. 4, 3, 3; cf. Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 219; Macr. S. 3, 2) [perh. Sanscr. ās, Gr. hêmai, Dor. hêsmai = to sit, as the seat or resting-place of the victim or offering; v. Curt. p. 381 sq.], an altar.
    I.
    Lit.: Jovis aram sanguine turpari, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85 (Trag. v. 125 Vahl.):

    Inde ignem in aram, ut Ephesiae Dianae laeta laudes,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 1:

    omnīs accedere ad aras... aras sanguine multo Spargere,

    Lucr. 5, 1199 sq.; so id. 1, 84:

    turicremas aras,

    id. 2, 353 (adopted by Verg. A. 4, 453);

    2, 417: multo sanguine maesti Conspergunt aras adolentque altaria donis,

    id. 4, 1237 al.:

    ara Aio Loquenti consecrata,

    Cic. Div. 1, 45, 101:

    ara condita atque dicata,

    Liv. 1, 7; cf. Suet. Claud. 2:

    ara sacrata,

    Liv. 40, 22; cf. Suet. Tib. 14:

    exstruere,

    id. Aug. 15; so Vulg. 4 Reg. 21, 4:

    construere,

    ib. 2 Par. 33, 3:

    facere,

    ib. ib. 33, 15:

    erigere,

    ib. Num. 23, 4:

    aedificare,

    ib. 3 Reg. 14, 23:

    ponere,

    ib. ib. 16, 32:

    destruere,

    ib. Exod. 34, 13, and ib. Jud. 6, 25:

    subvertere,

    ib. Deut. 7, 5:

    dissipare,

    ib. ib. 12, 3:

    suffodere,

    ib. Jud. 31, 32:

    demolire,

    ib. Ezech. 6, 4:

    depopulari, ib. Osee, 10, 2: interibunt arae vestrae,

    ib. Ezech. 6, 6 et saep.—Altars were erected not only in the temples, but also in the streets and highways, in the open air, Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20.—Esp. were altars erected in the courts of houses (impluvia), for the family gods (Penates), while the household gods (Lares) received offerings upon a small hearth (focus) in the family hall (atrium); hence, arae et foci, meton. for home, or hearth and home, and pro aris et focis pugnare, to fight for altars and fires, for one's dearest possessions:

    urbem, agrum, aras, focos seque dedere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 71:

    te amicum Deiotari regis arae focique viderunt,

    Cic. Deiot. 3:

    de vestris conjugibus ac liberis, de aris ac focis, decernite,

    id. Cat. 4, 11, 24; id. Sest. 42:

    nos domicilia, sedesque populi Romani, Penates, aras, focos, sepulcra majorum defendimus,

    id. Phil. 8, 3:

    patriae, parentibus, aris atque focis bellum parare,

    Sall. C. 52, 3:

    pro patriā, pro liberis, pro aris atque focis suis cernere,

    id. ib. 59, 5:

    sibi pro aris focisque et deūm templis ac solo, in quo nati essent, dimicandum fore,

    Liv. 5, 30 et saep.—Criminals fled to the altars for protection, Don. ad Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 22:

    interim hanc aram occupabo,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 45:

    Priamum cum in aram confugisset, hostilis manus interemit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 35, 85:

    eo ille confugit in arāque consedit,

    Nep. Paus. 4, 4:

    Veneris sanctae considam vinctus ad aras: haec supplicibus favet,

    Tib. 4, 13, 23.—Hence, trop., protection, refuge, shelter:

    tamquam in aram confugitis ad deum,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 10, 25:

    ad aram legum confugere,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3:

    hic portus, haec ara sociorum,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 48; Ov. Tr. 4, 5, 2; 5, 6, 14; id. H. 1, 110; id. P. 2, 8, 68.—One who took an oath was accustomed to lay hold of the altar, in confirmation of it, Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 46:

    qui si aram tenens juraret, crederet nemo,

    Cic. Fl. 36, 90; Nep. Hann. 2, 4 (cf. Liv. 21, 1):

    tango aras, medios ignes et numina testor,

    Verg. A. 12, 201; 4, 219: ara sepulcri, a funeral pile, regarded as an altar, Verg. A. 6, 177; Sil. 15, 388.—
    II.
    Meton.
    A.
    The Altar, a constellation in the southern sky, Gr. Thutêrion (Arat. 403 al.): Aram, quam flatu permulcet spiritus austri, poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; so Cic. Arat. 202; 213 Orell.; Hyg. Astr. 2, 39, and id. ib. 3, 38:

    pressa,

    i. e. low in the south, Ov. M. 2, 139. —
    B.
    Arae, The Altars.
    a.
    Rocky cliffs in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily Sardinia and Africa, so called from their shape, Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 108;

    Quadrig. Ann. ib.: saxa vocant Itali, mediis quae in fluctibus, Aras,

    Verg. A. 1, 109.—
    b.
    Arae Philaenorum, v. Philaeni.—
    III.
    Transf., in gen., a monument of stone:

    ara virtutis,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    Lunensis ara,

    of Lunensian marble, Suet. Ner. 50 fin. —Also [p. 150] a tombstone:

    ARAM D. S. P. R. (de suā pecuniā restituit),

    Inscr. Orell. 4521; so ib. 4522; 4826.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ara

  • 19 Bestia

    1.
    bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;

    esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

    quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—

    Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,

    Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:

    vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—
    2.
    As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):

    mala tu es bestia,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—
    B.
    Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;

    usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,

    to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:

    condemnare aliquem ad bestias,

    Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:

    dare aliquem ad bestias,

    Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:

    ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,

    the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:

    bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,

    Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—
    II.
    Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).
    2.
    Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.
    I.
    The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—
    II.
    The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—
    III.
    Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Bestia

  • 20 bestia

    1.
    bestĭa, ae, f. [perh. akin to fera and to belua], a beast (as a being without reason; opp. to man; while animal, = aliving being, includes man; bestia includes both fera, the beast as distinguished by fierceness, and belua, as distinguished by its size or ferocity; cf. Doed. Syn. 4, p. 290 sq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen. (in the classical per. mostly in prose;

    esp. freq. in Cic., who uses it in its most extended signif., of every kind of living creature excepting man): disserens, neque in homine inesse animum vel animam nec in bestiā,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 21; 5, 13, 38; id. N. D. 2, 11, 31; id. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

    quod si hoc apparet in bestiis volucribus, nantibus, agrestibus, cicuribus, feris... quanto id magis in homine fit natura, etc.,

    id. Lael. 21, 81; id. N. D. 2, 48, 124.—So of the serpent, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 75.—Of the crocodile and other amphibious animals, Cic. l. l.—Of the dog, Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 56. —Of the elephant (for the more usual belua), Liv. 33, 9, 7.—Of the ass, Suet. Aug. 96.—Of a caterpillar, Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 62.—

    Of the ostrich: sequitur natura avium, quarum grandissimi et paene bestiarum generis struthiocameli,

    Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 1; cf. Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 6; 9, 1, 1, § 10.—With muta, Cic. Fin. 1, 21, 71; Liv. 7, 4, 6 (cf. mutae pecudes, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 8, 24).—And for the designation of a wild animal, with fera:

    vinctum ante se Thyum agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret,

    Nep. Dat. 3, 2 Dähne; Liv. 26, 13, 12; 26, 27, 12; Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; Just. Inst. 2, 1, 12 sq.—
    2.
    As a term of reproach (cf. belua and our beast):

    mala tu es bestia,

    Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 21; id. Poen. 5, 5, 13.—And, humorously, of the odor of the armpits (cf. ala and caper), Cat. 69, 8.—
    B.
    Esp., when the contest with animals became more usual in the public spectacles at Rome (not yet customary A.U.C. 583, B.C. 171, Liv. 44, 9, 4), bestia designated, without the addition of fera, a wild beast destined to fight with gladiators or criminals (v. bestiarius;

    usually lions, tigers, panthers, etc.).—Hence, ad bestias mittere aliquem,

    to send one to fight with wild beasts, Cic. Pis. 36, 89; so, bestiis obioere aliquem, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3:

    condemnare aliquem ad bestias,

    Suet. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 14:

    dare aliquem ad bestias,

    Dig. 48, 8, 11; Gell. 5, 14, 27:

    ad pugnam bestiarum datus, Gell. l. l. § 10: tradere aliquem ad bestias depugnandas, Dig. l. l.: bestiarum damnatio,

    the condemnation to fight with wild beasts, ib. 48, 13, 6 al. —Hence the expl.:

    bestiarum vocabulum proprie convenit leonibus, pardis et lupis, tigribus et vulpibus, canibus et simiis ac ceteris, quae vel ore vel unguibus saeviunt, exceptis serpentibus,

    Isid. Orig. 12, 2, 1 (but cf. supra, 1.).—
    II.
    Transf., as a constellation, the wotf, Vitr. 9, 4 (7) (called by Cic. Arat. 211 or 455, Quadrupes vasta).
    2.
    Bestĭa, ae, m., a cognomen in the Calpurnian family.
    I.
    The consul L. Calpurnius Bestia, Sall. J. 27, 4 al.; Flor. 3, 1, 7.—
    II.
    The tribune of the people L. Bestia, Cic. Brut. 34, 128; id. de Or. 2, 70, 283.—
    III.
    Another tribune of the people, L. Bestia, a confederate of Catiline, Sall. C. 17, 3; 43, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bestia

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